Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 36
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 66(2): 1-9, 20200402.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095570

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Câncer é o nome dado a um conjunto de doenças que têm em comum o crescimento desordenado de células. O estado nutricional debilitado é frequente em pacientes oncológicos e interfere de forma negativa nas habilidades de vida diárias do paciente. Objetivo : Avaliar o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional de pacientes oncológicos em quimioterapia. Método: Estudo epidemiológico observacional com delineamento transversal, composto por uma amostra obtida por conveniência, de 213 indivíduos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. Os entrevistados responderam à avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo paciente (ASG-PPP); a capacidade funcional foi verificada por meio da força de preensão palmar (FPP) e da escala de performance status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Resultados: Foram avaliados 213 pacientes, 56,3% idosos e 54,0% do sexo feminino. Com exceção dos indivíduos com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, observou-se maior prevalência de bem nutridos conforme a ASG-PPP (p=0,004); em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), exceto para indivíduos com câncer de mama, a maior prevalência foi de eutrofia (p=0,010). Os indivíduos com FPP adequada (54,9%) apresentaram-se bem nutridos conforme a ASG (91,5%) (p≤0,0001) e sobrepeso de acordo com o IMC (46,2%) (p=0,010). Ainda, os indivíduos totalmente ativos (69,0%) eram bem nutridos conforme a ASG (89,8%) (p≤0,0001) e os eutróficos segundo o IMC (44,2%) (p=0,003), demonstrando diferença significativa na avaliação do estado nutricional com a capacidade funcional. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que a maioria dos pacientes oncológicos em quimioterapia tinham satisfatório estado nutricional, adequada força muscular e eram totalmente ativos.


Introduction: Cancer is the name given to a set of diseases that have in common the disorderly growth of cells. Impaired nutritional status is frequent in oncologic patients and negatively interferes in the patient's daily life abilities. Objective:To evaluate the nutritional status and functional capacity of oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Method: Cross-sectional design, observational epidemiological study, with a sample obtained by convenience from 213 individuals undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment. The interviewees answered to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA); functional ability was verified using handgrip strength (HGS) (hand dynamometry) and through the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale for performance scale. Results: 213 patients were evaluated, 56.3%, elderly and 54.0%, females. Excluding head and neck neoplasms, there was a higher prevalence of well-nourished individuals according to PG-SGA (p=0.004); in relation to the body mass index (BMI), except for individuals with breast cancer, the highest prevalence was eutrophy (p=0.010). Individuals with adequate HGS (54.9%) were well nourished according to the SGA (91.5%) (p≤0.0001) and overweight according to the BMI (46.2%) (p=0.010). Still, fully active individuals (69.0%), were well nourished according to SGA (89.8%) (p≤0.0001) and eutrophic according to BMI (44.2%) (p=0.003), showing a significant difference in the assessment of nutritional status with functional capacity. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the majority of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy had satisfactory nutritional status, adequate muscle strength and were fully active.


Introducción: Cáncer es el nombre dado a un conjunto de enfermedad que tienen en común el crecimiento celular desordenado. El estado nutricional débil es frecuente en pacientes oncológicos e interfiere negativamente con las habilidades de la vida diaria del paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional y capacidad funcional de los pacientes oncológicos en quimioterapia. Método: Estudio epidemiológico observacional con delineamiento transversal, compuesto por muestra obtenida por conveniencia, 213 individuos en tratamiento ambulatorial. Los entrevistados respondieron a la evaluación subjetiva global producida por el paciente (ESG-PPP); la capacidad funcional se verificó utilizando la fuerza de la empuñadura (FPP) y a través de la escala de rendimiento del Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Resultados: Se evaluaron 213 pacientes, 56,3%ancianos y 54,0% mujeres. Con excepción de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello, hubo una mayor prevalencia de individuos bien nutridos según el ESG-PPP (p=0,004); en relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), a excepción de las personas con cáncer de mama, la prevalencia más alta fue la eutrofia (p=0,010). Las personas con FPP adecuada (54.9%) estaban bien nutridas según la ESG (91,5%) (p≤0,0001) y con sobrepeso con el IMC (46,2%) (p=0,010). Aun así, los individuos completamente activos (69,0%) estaban bien nutridos según ESG (89,8%) (p≤0,0001) y eutróficos según el IMC (44,2%) (p=0,003), mostrando una diferencia significativa en la evaluación del diagnóstico nutricional con capacidad funcional. Conclusión: El estudio demostró que la mayoría de los pacientes con cáncer que reciben quimioterapia con un estado nutricional satisfactorio, una fuerza muscular adecuada y completamente activa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Muscle Strength/drug effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Activities of Daily Living , Exercise , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 40(4): 354-360, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959253

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of crack users and to analyze its correlation with drug use profiles. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 108 crack users. Anthropometric data were assessed through body mass index (BMI) and bioimpedance (BIA) measurements. A blood test to analyze hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, and lipid profiles was also performed. Crack use was determined through a standardized interview. Results: Based on BMI and BIA, most individuals were eutrophic (about 70%). Regarding hematological parameters, we found that hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were below normal for 32.4 and 30.6% of patients, respectively. Considering normal parameters, a large part of the sample (60.2%) had low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides (38%). There were no significant correlations between drug profile and nutritional variables. Conclusion: This is a pioneering study that examines the nutritional status of crack users. Our results showed that most crack users present normal anthropometric findings and the prevalence of underweight is low. However, blood analysis showed changes and a specific type of malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Nutrition Assessment , Anthropometry/methods , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Crack Cocaine/pharmacology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Body Composition/drug effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Hemoglobins/analysis , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electric Impedance , Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Hematocrit , Hematologic Tests/methods
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(3): 217-223, Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896450

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To analyze the nutritional status of selenium and verify the effect of its supplementation in pediatric patients during 14 days of parenteral nutrition (PN). Method: This is a series of cases with patients followed for two weeks while using PN. Data collection was performed at the beginning (T0), in the 7th (T1) and 14th days of PN (T2). The supplemented group received 2 µg/kg/day of selenous acid. Weight and height were measured for nutritional status assessment. Tests requested: plasma selenium, albumin, pre-albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Results: Fourteen (14) patients with inflammatory process and with low or very low weight for their ages were evaluated. In both groups (with and without supplementation), all patients had low selenium levels. Median plasma selenium concentrations were 17.4 µg/L (T0), 23.0 µg/L (T1) and 20.7 µg/L (T2). Increase and reduction of selenium occurred both in patients with high CRP and in those presenting normalization of this parameter. Conclusion: Lower plasma selenium levels have been detected since the start of the research and supplementation (2 µg/kg/day of selenous acid) was not to enough to approach the reference values.


Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio e verificar o efeito da suplementação desse mineral em pacientes pediátricos durante 14 dias de nutrição parenteral (NP). Método: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo de uma série de casos de pacientes acompanhados durante duas semanas de uso de NP. A coleta de dados foi realizada no início (T0), no 7º (T1) e no 14º dia de NP (T2). Após randomização, o grupo suplementado recebeu 2 µg/kg/dia de ácido selenioso. Peso e altura foram aferidos para avaliação do estado nutricional. Exames coletados: selênio plasmático, albumina, pré-albumina, proteína C-reativa (PCR), colesterol total e HDL-colesterol. Resultados: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes com processo inflamatório em curso e com baixo ou muito baixo peso para a idade. Os pacientes (grupo suplementado e não suplementado) tinham baixas concentrações de selênio. A mediana dos valores de selênio plasmático foi de 17,4 µg/L (T0), 23,0 µg/L (T1) e 20,7 µg/L (T2). Aumento e redução de selênio ocorreram tanto nos pacientes com PCR elevada quanto naqueles que apresentaram normalização desse parâmetro. Conclusão: Os níveis de selênio detectados foram muito baixos e a suplementação (2 µg/kg/dia de ácido selenioso) não foi suficiente para normalização dos níveis plasmáticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Selenium/administration & dosage , Selenium/blood , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Selenious Acid/administration & dosage , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Serum Albumin/analysis , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Parenteral Nutrition
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(11): e6331, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888956

ABSTRACT

Intestinal obstruction leads to blockage of the movement of intestinal contents. After relieving the obstruction, patients might still suffer with compromised immune function and nutritional deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Sijunzi decoction on restoring the immune function and nutritional status after relieving the obstruction. Experimental rabbits (2.5±0.2 kg) were randomly divided into normal control group, 2-day intestinal obstruction group, 2-day natural recovery group, 4-day natural recovery group, 2-day treated group, and 4-day treated group. Sijunzi decoction was given twice a day to the treated groups. The concentration of markers was analyzed to evaluate the immune function and nutritional status. The concentration of interleukin-2, immunoglobulins and complement components of the treated groups were significantly higher than the natural recovery group (P<0.05). The levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ increased then decreased in the treated groups. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and CD8+ were significantly lower than the natural recovery group. The level of total protein in the treated groups also increased then decreased after relieving the obstruction. The levels of albumin, prealbumin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly higher in the treated groups than in the natural recovery group (P<0.05). Transferrin level in the treated groups was significantly higher than the obstruction group (P<0.05). Sijunzi decoction can lessen the inflammatory response and improve the nutrition absorption after relieving the obstruction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Immune System/drug effects , Intestinal Obstruction/immunology , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Phytotherapy/methods , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Interleukin-2/analysis , Intestinal Obstruction/rehabilitation , Lymphocyte Count , Random Allocation , Recovery of Function/drug effects , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin/analysis , Transferrins/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
5.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 15(3): 429-435, Jul.-Set. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-974867

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O leite materno é o alimento ideal para qualquer recém-nascido devido à sua composição nutricional balanceada e à sua capacidade de gerar imunidade. Seu uso tem sido muito incentivado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e Unidades Intermediárias (UI), sendo ofertados tanto o leite materno extraído diretamente do seio materno, quanto o proveniente de bancos de leite humano. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como propósito acompanhar e comparar recém-nascidos com e sem o uso de aditivo fortificante do leite materno, em UTI neonatal. O estudo foi observacional do tipo coorte, com grupo controle, realizado em uma maternidade pública, nas unidades de terapia intensiva e terapia intermediária neonatais. Foram acompanhados 26 recém-nascidos pré-termo, divididos em dois grupos, um deles constituído por 13 recém-nascidos em aleitamento materno exclusivo (grupo controle) e outro composto por 13 recém-nascidos em uso de leite materno, com aditivo fortificante. Para a análise de dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva simples, calculando-se distribuições de frequências, cálculo das médias, desvio-padrão e realizações dos testes estatísticos. O ganho de peso médio no período do estudo foi significativamente maior no grupo que recebeu leite materno com aditivo. Em relação ao comprimento e ao perímetro cefálico não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os grupos. Constata-se que o uso de aditivo no leite materno humano cru ou processado proporciona melhor ganho de peso, favorecendo a recuperação do estado nutricional.


RESUMEN La leche materna es el alimento ideal para cualquier recién nacido debido a su composición nutricional balanceada y a su capacidad de generar inmunidad. Su uso ha sido muy fomentado en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y Unidades Intermediarias, siendo ofertadas, tanto la leche materna, extraída directamente del seno materno, como la proveniente de bancos de leche humana. El propósito del estudio fue el de acompañar y comparar a los recién nacidos con y sin el uso de aditivo fortificante de la leche materna, en UCI neonatal. Este estudio fue observacional del tipo cohorte, con grupo control, realizado en una maternidad pública, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y cuidados intermediarios neonatales. Fueron acompañados 26 recién nacidos pretérmino, divididos en dos grupos, uno de ellos constituido por 13 recién nacidos en lactancia materna exclusiva (grupo control) y otro compuesto por 13 recién nacidos en uso de leche materna, añadido de aditivo fortificante. Para el análisis de datos fue utilizada estadística descriptiva simple calculando distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculo de los promedios, desviación típica y realizaciones de las pruebas estadísticas. El aumento de peso promedio en el período del estudio fue significativamente mayor en el grupo que recibió leche materna con aditivo. En relación a la longitud y al perímetro cefálico no fueron observadas diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los grupos. Se constata que el uso de aditivo en la leche materna humana cruda o procesada proporciona mejor aumento de peso, favoreciendo la recuperación del estado nutricional.


ABSTRACT Breast milk is the ideal food for any newborn regarding the balanced nutritional composition and its ability to generate immunity. Its use has been greatly encouraged in intensive care units and Intermediate Unit, both the milk extracted directly from the mother's womb, as the one from the milk bank. The purpose of the study was to monitor and to compare infants with and without use of breast milk fortifier in neonatal intensive care unit. It was an observational cohort study with a control group, performed in a public hospital, in intensive care units and neonatal intermediate unit. They were followed 26 preterm infants, divided into two groups consisting of 13 preterm infants in exclusively breastfed (control group) and 13 preterm infants in use of breast milk fortifier with additive added. The average weight gain was significantly higher in the group receiving breast milk containing additive. In relation to the length and head circumference, significant differences were not observed. For data analysis, we used simple descriptive statistics by calculating frequency distributions, calculation of averages, standard deviation and achievements of the statistical tests. The average weight gain during the study period was significantly higher in the group receiving breast milk with additives. Regarding the length and head circumference, statistical differences were not significant between groups. It appears that the additive used in raw or processed human breast milk provides better weight gain, facilitating recovery of nutritional status.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Breast Feeding , Infant, Premature , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Infant Nutrition , Weight Gain/drug effects , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/organization & administration , Cephalometry/nursing , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Milk Banks , Milk, Human/drug effects
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(2): 137-141, Mar. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622534

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to discover the prevalence of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk in our HIV/AIDS outpatients according to sex, antiretroviral therapy and other variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients underwent an anthropometric assessment. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to classify their nutritional status and their cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: The majority of the 345 patients (58.8%) were males. Obesity was detected in 8.3% of them; 34.2% were overweight, and 5.2% malnourished. Near half of them (51.3%) had some cardiovascular risk, with increased risk in 24.6% of them, and substantially increased risk in 26.7% of them. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent. Women were more frequently obese (OR = 3.53; IC 95%, 1.47 < OR < 8.69), and their cardiovascular risk was often higher (OR = 6.97; IC 95%, 4.16 < OR < 11.76). The prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk did not change according to antiretroviral therapy or other variables.


OBJETIVO: Conhecer a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade e risco cardiovascular em nossos pacientes ambulatoriais com HIV/AIDS de acordo com o sexo, tratamento antirretroviral e outras variáveis. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica. O índice de massa corporal e a medida da circunferência da cintura foram utilizados para classificar o estado nutricional e o risco cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos 345 pacientes (58,8%) era do sexo masculino. A obesidade foi detectada em 8,3% deles; 34,2% tinham sobrepeso e 5,2%, desnutrição. Quase a metade (51,3%) apresentou algum risco cardiovascular, com risco elevado em 24,6% e muito elevado em 26,7%. CONCLUSÕES: O sobrepeso e a obesidade têm elevada prevalência. As mulheres são mais frequentemente obesas (OR = 3,53; IC 95%, 1,47 < OR < 8,69) e seu risco cardiovascular é frequentemente mais alto (OR = 6,97; IC 95%, 4,16 < OR < 11,76). A prevalência de obesidade e de risco cardiovascular não se alterou conforme o tratamento antirretroviral ou outras variáveis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Epidemiologic Methods , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Obesity/complications , Obesity/pathology , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Viral Load
7.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-583330

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os tratamentos oncológicos podem provocar consequências nutricionais, físicas, emocionais e sociais. A quimioterapia utiliza compostos químicos para eliminar células tumorais do organismo. Objetivo: Verificar o perfil nutricional, dietético e avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo com 20 pacientes. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica, questionário de frequência alimentar e qualidade de vida (EORTC QLQ-C30). Resultados: Constatou-se uma prevalência de sobrepeso pelo IMC, porém outros parâmetros identificaram risco nutricional. Foi observada também uma perda de peso significativa em 75% dos pacientes e um aumento de peso em mulheres com câncer de mama. O consumo alimentar demonstrou baixa ingestão de alimentos protetores dessa patologia. O que mais afetou a qualidade de vida foram sintomas gastrointestinais, fadiga e dificuldade de realizar atividades. Conclusão: Pacientes demonstraram risco nutricional e consumo alimentar não satisfatório. Percebeu-se que o câncer tem grande impacto na qualidade de vida desses pacientes.


Introduction: cancer treatments may cause harmful nutritional, physical, emotional and social. Chemotherapy uses chemicals to remove tumor cells from the body. Objective: To assess the nutritional status, diet and evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with 20 patients and descriptive. The anthropometric measurements, food frequency questionnaire and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). Results: We found a prevalence of overweight by BMI, but other parameters identified nutritional risk. There was also a significant weight loss in 75% of patients and weight gain in women with breast cancer. Food consumption showed low intake of protective foods such pathology. The most affected the quality of life were gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue and difficulty in performing activities. Conclusion: Patients demonstrated nutritional risk and dietary intake is not satisfactory. It was felt that the cancer has great impact on quality of life of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Eating/drug effects , Feeding Behavior/drug effects
8.
Clinics ; 66(6): 997-1002, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594368

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe nutritional status, body composition and lipid profile in children and adolescents receiving protease inhibitors. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients, 23 treated with protease inhibitors (group 1) and 36 not using protease inhibitors (group 2). Their dietary intake, anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis and lipid profile variables were measured. RESULTS: There was no difference in nutritional status or body composition between groups at the beginning of the study. After 6 months of follow-up, there was an increase in weight and height in both groups, as well as in waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness. In group 2, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness adequacy were significantly higher after 6 months of follow-up. The groups had similar energy and macronutrient intake at any time point. After 6 months, group 1 had a higher cholesterol intake and group 2 had a higher fiber intake. Triglyceride serum levels were significantly different between the groups, with higher values in G1, at any time point [G1: 153 mg/dl (30-344); 138 (58-378) versus G2: 76 mg/dl (29-378); 76 (29-378)]. After 6 months of follow-up, G1 had higher LDL-cholesterol than G2 [104 mg/dl (40-142) versus 82 (42-145)]. CONCLUSION: The use of protease inhibitors, per se, does not seem to significantly interfere with anthropometric measures, body composition and food intake of HIV-infected children and adolescents. However, this antiretroviral therapy was associated with a significant increase in triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in our subjects.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Lipids/blood , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Anthropometry , Body Composition/drug effects , Energy Intake/drug effects , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/blood , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
9.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2011; 12 (1): 16-23
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-125072

ABSTRACT

Previous studies in humans and animals have reported that nicotine administration decreases body weight and caloric intake. Opiate and cigarette have been used concomitantly as drug abuse. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to analyze the effect of chronic co-administration of nicotine and morphine on food intake, body weight and on some feeding-associated peptides. All experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly assigned to the free-fed and pair-fed control groups, nicotine-and morphine-treated and nicotine plus morphine groups. Morphine sulfate [20 mg/kg for 14 days s.c.] and nicotine [4 mg/kg for 14 days i.p.] were injected to the rats. The serum levels of leptin and neuropeptide Y [NPY] were measured by enzyme immunosorbant assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The results showed that nicotine had a greater suppressing effect on total food intake than morphine alone or nicotine plus morphine. Furthermore, chronic injection of nicotine significantly decreased body weight as compared with before injection, while body weight changes were not observed in morphine-treated rats. The mean body weight in the morphine-treated rats was lower than that in the free-fed control animals. The serum level of NPY was decreased just in the nicotine-injected group. A significant decrease in leptin levels was observed in the drug treated and pair-fed groups. In conclusion, morphine modulates the decreasing effect of nicotine on food intake, and it seems that the mechanism underlying the attenuating effects of morphine on the nicotine effects involves mediation, at least in part, by preventing the effect of nicotine on NPY levels


Subject(s)
Animals , Nicotine , Morphine , Body Weight/drug effects , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Drug Interactions , Feeding Behavior , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Radioimmunoassay , Leptin/blood , Rats , Neuropeptide Y
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(4): 452-457, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525052

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com vitamina A sobre os níveis de retinol no colostro de puérperas atendidas em maternidade pública de Natal-RN, analisando a influência do estado nutricional materno e retinol no colostro na resposta a esta suplementação. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados 5 ml de sangue em jejum para análise do retinol sérico, e duas amostras de leite, antes e 24h após suplementação. O consumo de vitamina A foi obtido pelo questionário de frequência de consumo. O retinol foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. RESULTADOS: O consumo de vitamina A foi 1492,4 ± 1264 µgRAE/dia e 23 por cento tinha consumo provavelmente inadequado. No início (0h) e após 24h da suplementação, os grupos comparativo e suplementado apresentaram concentrações séricas de retinol de 1,3 ± 0,4 e 1,4 ± 0,4 µmol/L (7 por cento de deficiência) e 3,5 ± 1,7 µmol/L e 3,3 ± 1,8 µmol/L (p>0,05) no colostro 0h, respectivamente. No grupo suplementado o retinol aumentou no colostro 24h, com valores de 3,6 ± 1,9 e 6,8 ± 2,6 µmol/L (p<0,0001), respectivamente. Mulheres com níveis deficientes de retinol no colostro 0h (<2,04 µmol/L) transferiram mais retinol ao colostro 24h do que as com níveis adequados (326,1 por cento e 86,5 por cento de aumento, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A megadose foi eficaz nas primeiras 24h após a suplementação. Os níveis basais de retinol no colostro influenciaram a resposta à suplementação. As parturientes que apresentaram valores baixos de retinol transferiram mais retinol oriundo da megadose ao leite do que as lactantes com níveis suficientes, possivelmente ressaltando a atuação dos mecanismos de transferência de vitamina A propostos na glândula mamária.


OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of supplementary vitamin A upon the colostrum retinol levels in puerperal women cared for at a public maternity hospital in Natal, RN, Brazil. Analysis was conducted on the influence of the colostrum retinol and the maternal nutritional condition as response to supplementation. METHODS: For analysis of serum retinol 5ml of fasting blood and two samples of milk were collected before and 24 hours after supplementation. A questionnaire was used to define the frequency of previous vitamin A intake. High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography was used to analyze the retinol. RESULTS: Vitamin A intake was 1492.4 ± 1264 µgRAE/day and 23 percent probably had an inadequate intale. At the beginning of supplementation, 0 hour, and at 24 hours, the control and supplemented groups presented serum retinol concentrations of 1.3 ± 0.4 and 1.4 ± 0.4 µmol/L (7 percent deficiency) and 3.5 ± 1.7 µmol/L and 3.3 ± 1.8 µmol/L (p>0.05) at 0 hour colostrum, respectively. Retinol in the 24 hours milk of the supplemented group increased from of 3.6 ± 1.9 and 6.8 ± 2.6 µmol/L (p<0.0001), respectively. Women with deficient levels of retinol in the colostrum at 0 hour(<2.04 mol/L) transferred more retinol to the colostrum at24 hours milk than those with adequate levels (an increase of 326.1 percent and 86.5 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION: The megadose of vitamin A was efficient in the first 24 hours after supplementation. The supplementation response was influenced by the basal levels of retinol in the colostrum. Parturient women with low initial levels of retinol transferred more retinol to the milk, after the megadose, than nursing women with sufficient levels. This possibly confirms the action of the Vitamin A transfer mechanisms proposed by the mammary gland.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Colostrum/chemistry , Dietary Supplements , Vitamin A , Vitamins , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Public , Milk, Human/chemistry , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/analysis , Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/metabolism , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/adverse effects , Vitamin A/analysis , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Vitamins/adverse effects , Vitamins/analysis
11.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(4): 365-372, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511754

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos de diferentes doses profiláticas de ferro sobre o crescimento e estado nutricional de lactentes não-anêmicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo prospectivo e randomizado. Lactentes de 5,0 a 6,9 meses de vida que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e apresentaram hemoglobina capilar ≥ 11 g/dL foram alocados randomicamente em três grupos com doses profiláticas de suplemento de ferro (sulfato ferroso) de 1 mg/kg/dia (n = 39), 2 mg/kg/dia (n = 36) e 25 mg/semana (n = 39). A suplementação durou 16 semanas. Foram avaliados peso e comprimento. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio dos escores z do peso/idade, comprimento/idade e peso/comprimento com base na referência da Organização Mundial da Saúde (2006). Os dados de morbidade foram obtidos durante as visitas mensais. RESULTADOS: Antes da suplementação, os grupos apresentaram similar estado nutricional. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na ingestão diária de nutrientes. Durante o estudo, o ganho de peso, o ganho de comprimento e os incrementos nos índices antropométricos não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos suplementados. A ocorrência e duração dos episódios de morbidade não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos. De modo geral, observaram-se melhorias nos índices peso/idade e peso/comprimento na população estudada, porém o comprimento/idade não apresentou diferenças antes e após a suplementação. CONCLUSÃO: As diferentes doses profiláticas de ferro não exerceram efeito diferenciado sobre o crescimento e estado nutricional dos lactentes não-anêmicos.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different prophylactic iron doses on the growth and nutritional status of non-anemic infants. METHODS: Prospective randomized study. Infants aged 5.0 to 6.9 months who met the inclusion criteria and showed capillary hemoglobin ≥ 11 g/dL were randomly allocated into three groups who received the following prophylactic doses of iron supplement (ferrous sulfate): 1 mg/kg/day (n = 39); 2 mg/kg/day (n = 36); and 25 mg/week (n = 39). This supplementation was given during 16 weeks. Both weight and length were measured. The nutritional status was evaluated by comparing z scores for weight/age, length/age and weight/length based on the World Health Organization (2006) references. Morbidity information was collected during monthly visits. RESULTS: The groups showed similar nutritional status before supplementation. There were no differences in daily nutrient intake among groups. During the study, weight and length gain, and increments in anthropometric indices did not differ statistically among supplemented groups either. The occurrence and duration of morbidity episodes did not differ statistically among groups. In general, improvements were observed in both weight/age and weight/length indices in the population under study, whereas length/age showed no differences before and after supplementation. CONCLUSION: Different prophylactic iron doses had no different effects on the growth and nutritional status of non-anemic infants.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Child Development/drug effects , Dietary Supplements , Growth/drug effects , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Anthropometry , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Child Development/physiology , Drug Administration Schedule , Nutritional Status/physiology , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(3): 220-224, maio-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485604

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este estudo descreve e analisa a adequação da prescrição da AH, para reposição nutricional, nos hospitais da região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e explora o uso do SIH/SUS para avaliar o perfil e a qualidade da prescrição de medicamentos. MÉTODOS: As informações foram extraídas do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), entre 1999 e 2001. RESULTADOS: Houve registro de utilização de AH para reposição nutricional em 121 internações de maiores de um ano, nas quais a justificativa mais freqüente foi a desnutrição protéico-calórica (93 por cento). O uso da AH foi classificado como inadequado em 91 por cento dos casos. Em 51 por cento dos casos ocorreu o óbito e a clínica médica foi responsável 87 por cento das internações. A inadequação de prescrição esteve associada positivamente à duração da internação, com RP 1,14 (IC95 por cento 1,01-1,28). O óbito mostrou associação positiva com a idade do paciente, com RP 1,72 (IC 95 por cento 1,19-2,48). A ausência de parâmetros laboratoriais e a insuficiência de informações clínicas no banco limitaram a análise dos dados. O sub-registro no SIH das internações no âmbito do SUS foi outro importante fator limitante para o conhecimento do problema. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das limitações, o estudo mostrou o elevado nível de inadequação de utilização da AH para reposição nutricional e as possibilidades de uso do banco do SIH/SUS na avaliação da qualidade da prescrição de medicamentos como a AH incluídos entre os procedimentos especiais.


OBJECTIVE:This study describes and analyzes the adequacy of HA prescription, for nutritional replacement, in hospitals of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area and explores the use of SIH/SUS to evaluate the profile and quality of drug prescription. METHODS: The information was collected from the Hospital Information System of the "Sistema Único de Saúde" SIH/SUS from 1999 to 2001. RESULTS: The use of HA for nutritional replacement was recorded in 121 admittances of subjects during 1 year, the most frequent justification being protein-caloric malnutrition (93 percent). HA use was classified as inadequate in 91 percent of cases. In 51 percent of the cases death occurred and the Clinical Practice Unit was responsible for 87 percent of the admittances. Inadequacy of the prescription was positively associated to length of hospital stay, with RP 1. 14 (IC95 percent 1.01-1.28). Death showed positive association with the patient's age, with RP 1.72 (IC 95 percent 1.19-2.48). The absence of laboratory parameters and lack of clinical databank information have limited data analysis. The SIH sub-registration of admittances, within the SUS ambit was another important restriction for more precise identification of the problem. CONCLUSION: In spite of the limitations, the study disclosed the high level of inappropriate utilization of HA for nutritional replacement and the possibilities of using the SIH/SUS databank to evaluate the quality of prescribing drugs such as HA included in the special procedures.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Hospital Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Malnutrition/therapy , Nutritional Support/standards , Serum Albumin/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Clinical Protocols , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Units/statistics & numerical data , Malnutrition/mortality , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Nutritional Support/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition/standards , Parenteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Quality Control , Young Adult
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(1): 4-10, Jan.-Feb. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-474133

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To test the effects of a low fat diet compared with a babassu fat diet on nutritional status in obstructive cholestasis in young rats. METHODS: We submitted 40 rats in 4 groups of 10 animals each from P21 (21st postnatal day) to P49 to two of the following treatments: bile duct ligation or sham operation and low fat diet (corn oil supplying 4.5 percent of the total amount of energy) or babassu fat diet (this fat supplying 32.7 percent and corn oil supplying 1.7 percent of the total amount of energy). Weight gain from P25 to P49 every 4 days was measured. The Verhulst's growth function was fitted to these values of weight gain. Growth velocity and acceleration at each moment were estimated using the same equation. Total food and energy intake from P21 to P49, energy utilization rate (EUR) from P25 to P49 and fat absorption rate (FAR) and nitrogen balance (NB) from P42 to P49 were measured. Two Way ANOVA and the S.N.K. test for multiple paired comparisons were employed to study the effects of cholestasis and those of the diets and their interaction (p<0.05) on those variables. RESULTS: In cholestatic animals, a higher growth velocity at P45, a higher growth acceleration at P41 and P45, a greater EUR, a greater FAR and a greater NB, were found with the low fat diet as compared with the babassu fat diet. CONCLUSION: A low fat diet lessens the growth restriction brought about by cholestasis and allows for an improved dietary energy utilization and a better protein balance than the babassu fat diet.


OBJETIVO: Testar os efeitos de uma dieta com baixo teor de gordura comparada a uma dieta com gordura de babaçu sobre o estado nutricional em ratos jovens com colestase obstrutiva. MÉTODOS: Submetemos 40 ratos divididos em quatro grupos de 10 animais a partir do P21 (21º dia pós-natal) até o P49 a dois dos seguintes tratamentos: ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar comum ou operação simulada e dieta com baixo teor de gordura (óleo de milho fornecendo 4,5 por cento da quantidade total de calorias) ou dieta com gordura de babaçu (essa gordura fornecendo 32,7 por cento e óleo de milho fornecendo 1,7 por cento da quantidade total de calorias). Foi mensurado o ganho de peso a cada 4 dias do P25 ao P49. A função de crescimento de Verhulst foi ajustada aos valores de ganho de peso. A velocidade e a aceleração de crescimento nos mesmos momentos foram estimadas usando a mesma equação. Foram mensurados: quantidade de ração ingerida e ingestão energética total do P21 ao P49, utilização de energia do P25 ao P49, gordura absorvida e balanço de nitrogênio (BN) do P42 ao P49. A ANOVA com dois fatores e o método de S.N.K para comparações pareadas foram utilizados para estudar os efeitos, sobre as variáveis, da colestase e das dietas e sua interação (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Em ratos com colestase e dieta com baixo teor de gordura, houve maior velocidade de crescimento no P45, maior aceleração de crescimento no P41 e P45, maior utilização de energia, maior percentual de gordura absorvida e maior BN do que em ratos com colestase e dieta com gordura de babaçu. CONCLUSÃO: A dieta com baixo teor de gordura atenua a restrição de crescimento provocada pela colestase e proporciona melhor aproveitamento da dieta e maior incorporação da proteína ingerida do que a dieta com gordura de babaçu.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cholestasis/physiopathology , Cocos/chemistry , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Growth , Growth Disorders/diet therapy , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Cholestasis/complications , Corn Oil/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Energy Intake , Growth Disorders/etiology , Plant Oils/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Weight Gain
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 90(2): 114-121, fev. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479605

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A mortalidade na diálise continua elevada e ocorre principalmente por causas cardiovasculares. A inflamação participa da gênese da aterosclerose acelerada, calcificação vascular, desnutrição e anemia, e tem enorme impacto na sobrevida destes pacientes. As estatinas, através dos seus efeitos pleiotrópicos, podem representar uma opção terapêutica para atenuação do processo inflamatório crônico dos pacientes em hemodiálise. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de uma baixa dose de sinvastatina sobre marcadores inflamatórios, parâmetros hematimétricos e nutricionais de pacientes em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Pacientes em hemodiálise clinicamente estáveis foram divididos, segundo os níveis basais de LDL-colesterol, em um grupo com níveis abaixo (Grupo 1) e outro com níveis iguais ou superiores a 100 mg/dl (Grupo 2) e tratados com sinvastatina por oito semanas. O Grupo 1 recebeu apenas 20 mg após cada sessão de diálise (dose intermitente), enquanto o Grupo 2 recebeu 20 mg/dia. Dados laboratoriais, índice de resistência a eritropoetina e parâmetros nutricionais foram obtidos antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significativa e equivalente dos níveis de proteína C-reativa em ambos os grupos (35,97±49,23 por cento vs 38,32±32,69 por cento, p=0,86). No Grupo 1 também houve tendência a queda da resistência a eritropoetina (228,6±16,2 vs 208,9±16,2, p=0,058) e melhora dos parâmetros hematimétricos (hematócrito: 33,1±5,9 por cento vs 36,1±4,5 por cento, p=0,021). CONCLUSÃO: A dose intermitente mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto a dose usual em reduzir os níveis de proteína C-reativa e resistência a eritropoetina, além de melhorar os parâmetros hematimétricos, apontando para uma importante redução do risco cardiovascular avaliado por esses parâmetros.


BACKGROUND: Mortality in dialysis patients remains high and is due mainly to cardiovascular causes. Inflammation has a role in the genesis of accelerated atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, malnutrition and anemia, and a huge impact on the survival of these patients. The pleiotropic effects of statins can be a therapeutic option for reducing chronic inflammatory processes of patients undergoing hemodialysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low doses of simvastatin on inflammatory markers, hematimetric and nutritional parameters of patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: Clinically-stable patients undergoing hemodialysis were classified according to their baseline LDL-cholesterol levels in two groups: those with levels below 100mg/dl (Group 1) and those with levels equal to or greater than 100mg/dl (Group-2), and were treated with simvastatin during eight weeks. Group 1 received 20mg only after each session of hemodialysis (intermittent dose), whereas Group 2 received 20mg/daily. Laboratory data, erythropoietin resistance index and nutritional parameters were obtained before and after treatment. RESULTS: A significant and equivalent reduction in C-reactive protein levels in both groups was observed (35.97±49.23 percent vs 38.32±32.69 percent, p=0.86). In group 1, there was also a tendency towards reduced resistance to erythropoietin (228.6±16.2 vs 208.9±16.2, p=0.058) and improvement of hematimetric parameters (hematocrit: 33.1±5.9 percent vs 36.1±4.5 percent, p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Intermittent doses proved to be as effective as the usual dose in reducing C-reactive protein levels and resistance to erythropoietin, besides improving the hematimetric parameters, indicating an important reduction of the cardiovascular risk evaluated by these parameters.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Renal Dialysis , Simvastatin/administration & dosage , Anemia/metabolism , Biomarkers , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Drug Resistance , Erythropoietin/administration & dosage , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Malnutrition/drug therapy , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
15.
Cad. saúde pública ; 24(supl.2): s303-s311, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487393

ABSTRACT

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar a efetividade da suplementação semanal de ferro na concentração de hemoglobina, no estado nutricional e no desenvolvimento mental e motor de lactentes em quatro creches municipais do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo consistiu de uma intervenção do tipo antes-depois realizada com suplementação semanal com ferro por seis meses, em uma amostra de 76 crianças com idade entre 4 e 24 meses, no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2005. Os desenvolvimentos mental e motor foram avaliados pela Escala de Desenvolvimento Infantil de Bayley II. Após a suplementação observou-se um aumento significante na concentração de hemoglobina, apenas no grupo de lactentes com hemoglobina inicial < 9,5g/dL (p = 0,001). Para o índice peso/comprimento também se verificou um incremento significante da média de escore z, no entanto, ocorreu o oposto para o índice comprimento/idade. Não se observou diferença nos índices de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que a suplementação semanal de ferro foi efetiva elevando a hemoglobina nos lactentes com níveis iniciais mais baixos, não se observando impacto no desenvolvimento infantil.


This study analyzed the effectiveness of weekly iron supplementation on hemoglobin concentration, nutritional status, and mental and motor development of infants at four public daycare centers in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. This was a before-after intervention study conducted with weekly iron supplementation for six months in a sample of 76 infants in the 4 to 24 month age group, from February to December 2005. Mental and motor development was assessed through the Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. After supplementation, a significant increase was observed in hemoglobin concentration in the group of infants with initial hemoglobin level < 9.5g/dL (p = 0.001). There was also a significant increase in the mean weight-for-length z-score, but the opposite was found for length-for-age. No difference was observed in the developmental indices. We conclude that weekly iron supplementation was effective for increasing hemoglobin concentration in infants with lower initial levels, but no impact on infant development was observed.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Child Development/drug effects , Dietary Supplements , Hemoglobins/analysis , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Brazil , Child Day Care Centers , Child Development/physiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Socioeconomic Factors
16.
IJEM-Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008; 10 (4): 363-371
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-103146

ABSTRACT

Physical growth disorder in children, aged under 5-years, is a common health problem in developing countries, including Iran, where national studies have shown that the prevalence of stunted growth disorder is approximately 15 percent. The aim of this study was to determine effects of supplemental zinc on physical growth in children with retarded growth. The study was a 12-month community-based RCT which incorporated 6 months of zinc supplementation to 2-5-year-old children with height-for-age index less than the 25th percentile of NCHS [n=90]; children were assigned randomly into either the Zinc Group receiving 5 ml of a solution containing 5 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate [ZG, n=40] or the Placebo Group who received placebo [PG, n=45] daily [7d/wk] for 6 months. The children's weight, height, mid-upper arm, Z-score for height for age, weight for age and weight for height were measured at baseline and monthly for 12 months. Data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical package. Student-t test was used for comparing the means and chi-square and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. Eighty-five children completed [55.3% girls, 44.7% boys] the study supplementation; compliance with supplement consumption was 95-100% and the two groups were not significantly different. The means of total weight increments [Kg] among girls in the PG and ZG groups were 2 +/- 0.9 and 2.6 +/- 1.1 [PV=0.05], respectively and for boys were 2.1 +/- 0.8 and 2.7 +/- 0.8 [PV=0.04], respectively. The mean of total mid arm circumference increments [Cm] among girls in the PG and ZG groups were 1.23 +/- 0.46 and 1.7 +/- 0.51 [PV=0.8], respectively; these figures for boys were 1.43 +/- 0.51 and 1.19 +/- 0.39 [PV=0.1], respectively. The means of total height increment [Cm] among girls, in the PG and ZG groups were 8.28 +/- 2.23 and 9.64 +/- 1.7 [PV=0.02], respectively; these figures for boys were 8.34 +/- 3.14 and 11.7 +/- 1.96 [PV=0.001], respectively. At baseline, stunted rates in the ZG and PG groups were 26.7% and 15% respectively [NS]. However, these rates in the 6th month of intervention in ZG and PG were 2.5 and 20%, respectively [PV= 0.01]. The results of this study showed that administration of 5 mg zinc daily to young children have significant effects on growth, particularly if the interventions are focused on stunted children


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Zinc Sulfate/administration & dosage , Zinc/deficiency , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Child, Preschool , Growth
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(6): 452-457, Nov.-Dec. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440511

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do tratamento com sulfato ferroso, administrado semanalmente, sobre o nível de hemoglobina, morbidade e estado nutricional de lactentes anêmicos da Zona da Mata Meridional de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção de base comunitária, controlado, realizado com 378 lactentes acompanhados até 18 meses. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 245 crianças para avaliação da hemoglobina aos 12 meses. As crianças foram distribuídas em três grupos de estudo: dois com tratamento semanal de 45 mg de ferro elementar, dos 12 aos 18 meses de vida (69 crianças com anemia moderada/grave e 111 com anemia leve) e um sem tratamento, constituído de 65 crianças sem anemia. As 133 crianças restantes constituíram o grupo controle, utilizado para comparação do estado nutricional e da morbidade. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anemia foi de 73,5 por cento aos 12 meses de vida. Após 6 meses de tratamento, houve recuperação do nível de hemoglobina para valores > 11,0 g/dL em 42,3 por cento dos lactentes anêmicos. O aumento médio foi de 1,6 g/dL, sendo maior (2,5 g/dL) para o grupo com nível inicial mais baixo de hemoglobina. Das crianças sem anemia e não tratadas, 40,3 por cento tornaram-se anêmicas ao término do acompanhamento, com uma redução média do nível de hemoglobina de 0,5 g/dL. Observou-se um ganho de peso significativamente maior nos grupos com tratamento, o mesmo não ocorrendo para crescimento linear e duração da diarréia. CONCLUSÕES: A redução da prevalência da anemia em menos da metade das crianças recebendo sulfato ferroso em doses semanais e o surgimento de anemia nos lactentes não anêmicos e sem suplementação de ferro são indicativos da necessidade de estratégias eficazes para seu controle.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of weekly treatment with ferrous sulfate on hemoglobin level, morbidity and nutritional status in a sample of anemic infants from Zona da Mata Meridional in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A controlled, community-based intervention was carried out with 378 infants who were followed-up for 18 months. Hemoglobin level was measured at 12 months in a total of 245 children randomly selected. Participating infants were divided into three groups: two received 45 mg of elemental iron weekly, from 12 to 18 months of life (69 children with moderate/severe anemia, and 111 with mild anemia); the third group was composed of 65 non-anemic children, who received no intervention. The remaining 133 children constituted the control group, for comparisons on nutritional status and morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 73.5 percent at 12 months of life. After 6 months of treatment, 42.3 percent of anemic children reached hemoglobin levels > 11.0 g/dL. The mean increase was 1.6 g/dL, being higher (2.5 g/dL) in the group with lower levels of hemoglobin at baseline. Children without anemia at baseline received no treatment, and 40.3 percent of them became anemic at the end of follow-up, with a mean decrease of 0.5 g/dL in hemoglobin levels. A significantly greater weight gain was observed in the two treated groups, while no significant improvements were seen in linear growth and duration of diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that less than half the children receiving ferrous sulfate recovered from anemia at the end of follow-up, along with the development of anemia in many untreated, previously non-anemic infants, suggests the need for effective control strategies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Anemia/drug therapy , Ferrous Compounds/therapeutic use , Hemoglobins/analysis , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Anemia/mortality , Body Size , Body Weight , Case-Control Studies , Clinical Trial , Diarrhea, Infantile/mortality , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
18.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(3): 227-231, May-June 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431079

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da suplementação com zinco sobre os parâmetros nutricionais e bioquímicos entre crianças de 12 a 59 meses de idade. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado unicego com 58 crianças entre 12 e 59 meses participantes do Programa Governamental de Combate a Carências Nutricionais, que fornecia mensalmente 2 kg de leite fortificado com ferro. O grupo intervenção (n = 28) foi suplementado com 10 mg/dia de sulfato de zinco por 4 meses, e o grupo controle (n = 30) recebeu solução placebo. Para avaliação do estado nutricional, utilizaram-se os indicadores peso por estatura e estatura por idade, expressos em escores z, do padrão de referência NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics), parâmetros bioquímicos de ferro e zinco séricos e concentração de hemoglobina e hematócrito. RESULTADOS: A suplementação com zinco não interferiu significativamente sobre as condições antropométricas das crianças. Ambos os grupos apresentavam concentrações iniciais baixas de zinco sérico. Após o término do período de intervenção, a variação nos níveis médios de hemoglobina (p = 0,002) e as concentrações de hematócrito (p = 0,001), zinco (p = 0,023) e ferro séricos (p = 0,013) foram significativamente mais elevadas no grupo suplementado. CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação com zinco promoveu melhora na resposta hemoglobínica e normalizou a concentração sérica de zinco. Os resultados mostram a importância de se estabelecer políticas de combate a carências nutricionais que também possam dar atenção à carência de zinco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Dietary Supplements/standards , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Zinc Sulfate/administration & dosage , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/deficiency , Anemia/diagnosis , Brazil , Body Height/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Child Nutrition , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Infant Nutrition , Iron/blood , Program Evaluation , Single-Blind Method , Zinc Sulfate/blood , Zinc/blood
19.
Acta cir. bras ; 21(1): 43-46, Jan.-Feb. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420970

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar em ratos Wistar as respostas adaptativas da mucosa em conseqüência da desnervação intrínseca do jejuno após ressecção intestinal extensa. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 30 ratos distribuídos em três grupos segundo o procedimento realizado: C (controle), R (ressecção intestinal) e D (ressecção intestinal e desnervação intrínseca do jejuno). Posteriormente foi avaliado o ganho de peso e realizado estudos morfométrico da mucosa intestinal. RESULTADOS: Os animais do grupo D apresentaram ganho ponderal consideravelmente maior do que os do grupo R (D=312,2±21g e R=196,7±36,2g). A contagem neuronal mostrou diminuição na população de neurônios mientéricos no grupo D (344,8±34,8 neurônios/mm de jejuno) em relação aos outros grupos (R=909,0±55,5 e C=898,5±73,3). A área do epitélio da mucosa jejunal foi maior no grupo D (10,8±4,3mm²) em comparação aos grupos R (7,3±3,9mm²) e C (5,8±3,0mm²). O índice de proliferação celular epitelial da mucosa foi maior no grupo D (48,7 por cento), em relação aos grupos R (31,9 por cento) e C (23,6 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental mostrou-se eficaz em melhorar o ganho ponderal dos animais submetidos à ressecção intestinal extensa, provocando intensificação da resposta hiperplásica da mucosa, a qual provavelmente levou a aumento da superfície de absorção de nutrientes. Abrem-se boas perspectivas para novas abordagens cirúrgicas para a síndrome do intestino curto.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Benzalkonium Compounds/pharmacology , Denervation , Jejunum/innervation , Myenteric Plexus/drug effects , Short Bowel Syndrome/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Jejunum/pathology , Jejunum/surgery , Myenteric Plexus/physiology , Myenteric Plexus/surgery , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Nutritional Status/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Survival Rate , Short Bowel Syndrome/pathology , Weight Gain/drug effects , Weight Gain/physiology
20.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1001

ABSTRACT

This prospective case-control study was undertaken on 78 women between 15 to 45 years of age from rural area to see alteration of serum zinc due to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Of the subjects, 34 women was taken as controls having no history of taking any form of hormonal contraceptives neither during the time of selection nor during one-year period prior to the study. All of the women in the control group were advised to start consuming oral pill (Sukhi) for 3 consecutive cycles and at the 3(rd) month, 25 women were taken as cases on longitudinal basis. Another 44 women were randomly selected as cases on the basis of using combined oral contraceptives (Sukhi) for 4 months onwards. Subjects were classified as follows on the basis of duration of oral contraceptive use: Group I (n=34) -- controls, Group II (n=25) -- 3 months, Group III (n=17) -- 4 months -- 2 years and Group IV (n=27) -- >2 years. Finally, 103 samples of blood (34 from controls and 69 from oral contraceptives users) were collected for estimation of Serum Zinc (microg/dl) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry using UNICAM - AA Spectrometer. MeanSD of Serum Zinc significantly reduced in all 3 contraceptive groups in comparison to controls (p<0.001). It was recommended to carry out further study including larger population from rural area to elucidate alteration in serum zinc and other trace elements to correlate with side effects caused by hormonal contraceptive so that attempt could be made to mitigate those.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Contraceptives, Oral, Combined/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Rural Population , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Zinc/blood
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL